The Most Prehistoric Tropical Fish for Your Aquarium

Aquarium enthusiasts often seek out unique and fascinating species to add to their tanks, and prehistoric tropical fish offer a glimpse into the ancient past right in your home. These fish, with their unique features and ancient lineages, bring both beauty and a touch of history to any aquarium. Among the most notable prehistoric tropical fish suitable for home aquariums are the Arowana, the Bichir, and the Gar. Each of these species provides a unique connection to the ancient aquatic world.

Arowanas are often referred to as “dragon fish” due to their elongated bodies and large, metallic scales that resemble the mythical creature. Originating from the freshwater rivers of South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia, Arowanas have been around for millions of years. They are considered one of the oldest living fish species, with fossils dating back over 150 million years. Arowanas are surface feeders, possessing upturned mouths adapted for feeding on insects and small animals at the water’s surface. They are known for their impressive jumping skills, often leaping out of the water to catch prey, so a tightly secured tank lid is essential.

Arowanas require a large tank, typically at least 250 liters, due to their potential size of up to 90 centimeters. They prefer warm water temperatures between 24-30°C with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. Proper tank maintenance and diet are crucial to their health and longevity in captivity.

Bichirs are often called “dinosaur eels” due to their primitive appearance and elongated bodies covered in thick, armor-like scales. They hail from the slow-moving waters and swamps of Africa and have remained relatively unchanged for over 100 million years. Bichirs possess both lungs and gills, allowing them to breathe air, which is an adaptation that helps them survive in low-oxygen environments. Their lobed pectoral fins are reminiscent of early tetrapods, showcasing an evolutionary bridge between fish and amphibians.

Bichirs require a spacious tank, at least 200 liters, to accommodate their length of up to 60 centimeters. They thrive in warm water temperatures between 24-28°C with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH. Providing plenty of hiding spots and a varied diet can help them thrive in a home aquarium.

Gars are ancient fish known for their elongated bodies and long, needle-like snouts filled with sharp teeth. Native to the freshwater rivers and lakes of North and Central America, gars have existed for over 100 million years. They possess ganoid scales, which are thick and bony, providing excellent protection against predators. Like bichirs, gars can breathe air thanks to their vascularized swim bladders, which is an adaptation for surviving in environments with low oxygen levels.

Gars require a very large tank, typically at least 300 liters, as they can grow up to 120 centimeters in length. They prefer water temperatures between 22-26°C and can tolerate a wide range of pH levels, though neutral to slightly alkaline is ideal. Proper care and a spacious environment are essential for keeping gars healthy and active in captivity.

Keeping prehistoric tropical fish in your aquarium not only adds a unique aesthetic but also provides a living link to the Earth’s ancient past. These species require specific care and conditions to thrive, including appropriately sized tanks, suitable water parameters, and a diet that meets their natural needs. With the right environment, these ancient fish can become captivating and enduring residents of your home aquarium, offering both beauty and a fascinating glimpse into the history of aquatic life.